Hoxful Monsters

DNA ( Deoxy ribo Nucleic Acid) contains all the information required for a cell to survive and this is present in the form of four bases, represented by the letters A, C, G and T. These letters represent four Nitrogenous bases present in the DNA,which are Adenine,Cytosine,Guanine and Thymine. The order of bases on a DNA strand is the DNA sequence. The sequence of DNA constitutes the heritable genetic information in nuclei, plasmids, mitochondria, and chloroplasts that forms the basis for the developmental programs of all living organisms.Determining the …

One of the principle objectives of performing a PCR reaction to have DNA amplified with no errors.The amplified product will be of no use if its gets copied with altered bases.
DNA replication ( which forms the crux also in in vitro PCR reaction) in vivo is carried out with high fidelity ,thanks to proof reading ability of the DNA polymerase.During the replication of mammalian genomes ,only one base in about (3 × 10 power 9) is copied incorrectly.Proof reading property of DNA polymerase enables it to ensure a check on …

Polymerase Chain Reaction is widely held as one of the most important inventions of the 20th century in molecular biology. Small amounts of the genetic material can now be amplified in rather simple manner,thanks to Kerry Mullis invention way back in 1983. Cell free DNA amplification can be performed in many different ways ,which can be used for identifying and manipulate DNA, detect infectious organisms, also helps in finding mutations, in human genes and numerous other tasks.
“lets you pick the piece of DNA you’re interested in and have as …

The wide array of genetic tools available for genetic dissection of fruit fly drosophila melanogaster makes its undoubtedly the most preferred model organism when it comes to developmental and evolution puzzles.Balancer chromosomes forms a very important part of this repertoire. Balancer chromosome strains provide key advances for mutagenesis screens, for stock maintenance and for tracking quantitative traits.It was in 1918 Muller identified the first balanced mutation and later Sturtevant proposed that differences in the gene order in this region between different species of flies were due to an inversion in …

Yesterday while loading my PCR samples suddenly a thought struck,why is it always we run our DNA samples in horizontal manner and not horizontal like one employed for proteins.I discussed this stuff with my friends and googled the net out of curiosity.Below is some of the information regarding electrophoresis of DNA and Proteins samples.
Background:
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein molecules using an electric current applied to a gel matrix.In most cases the gel is a crosslinked polymer whose composition and …

In the era of Genomics as new genes are always being discovered by virtue of complete genome sequences of various organisms,there is an ever increasing need for more tools for functional validation.In order to assign functions to the new genes discovered ,reverse genetics techniques are becoming increasingly attractive as they offer the opportunity to choose the gene of interest from database and in quick time one can assign a function to that gene.With the rise in demand for knocking down gene function in the field of developmental biology ,scientists were …

SOE stands for Splicing by overhang extensions ,is an immensely useful tools in molecular biology today for creating point mutations in gene of interest and also to make chimeric proteins (fusion proteins).The important point of SOE is designing of primer sequences used for amplifying two or more DNA fragments to be fused.The primers are designed in a way that resultant PCR products have complimentary ends so that they can act as primers for each other in subsequent reaction.Then when you mix the resultant pcr products and run a pcr reaction …